Conservative dentistry is dealing with teeth treatment i.e., teeth damaged by caries and all complications if the caries is not treated on time. This includes the following diseases of teeth: caries, pulpitis (dental nerve inflammation), gangrene and periodontitis.
CARIES
Caries occurs due to bacteria effects and its products and toxins at the surface of tooth or dental glaze. On the tooth fissures (natural cuts on the bite surface of a tooth) the residues of food are retained.
If the food is full of sugar (caramels, lollipops, candies, Smoki) and teeth are not mechanically cleaned by toothbrush the ideal substrate for bacteria proliferation will occur resulting in the acid environment as the product of their metabolism and as soon as the pH value reduces below 5.5 the glaze demineralization occurs, in other words decomposition of the glaze minerals producing micro and then macro caries lesions. Caries lesion is effectively remedied (in the earlier phase the better) by complete removing of changed glaze up to healthy tooth tissue with maximum respect of the principles of teeth preparation. The space after removing glaze and dentin, is filled first with substrates protecting tooth against thermal and other sensations, and then with certain composite. The composite is material that makes white (composite) seal and its high quality is very important.
PULPITIS
In the case of permanent and intensive pain independent on any irritation which spread to whole side of the face so the patient often cannot determine which tooth hurts, and the pain may increase on irritation (warm, cold, touch, bite). This means that bacteria from caries lesion penetrated into the pulp chamber reaching the dental nerve. Pulp or tooth nerve is damaged by bacteria and its toxins and it reacts to irritations from the mouth cavity with characteristic sharp pain of tooth or even entire half of the face. This condition is named pulpitis or inflammation of dental nerve. When disease comes into this phase the only remedy of damaged tooth is devitalisation or removing pulp. It follows with adequate endodontic treatment meaning detailed cleaning of the root channel by endodontic needles, washing the channel, application of paste that calms inflammation in the channel interior in one or several phases, and when the tooth becomes completely insensitive filling the tooth channels.
PERIDONTITIS
Periodontitis therapy is more complex due to progress of illness. Bacteria and its products are penetrated through top of the root into the surrounding tissue and bone having no additional space to spread they put pressure on the environment which is particularly sensitive when chewing. When patient chew a tooth cannot be naturally pushed toward alveolus and that space now contains products of bacteria and purulent secretion, so this unnaturally stuffed space need the root bending. The pressure is performed to the tissue producing pain when chewing. If the purulent secretion pierces through bone and find its way to external environment pus leaks into the mouth through channel called fistula and it is positioned above the root top. Emptying this fistula tissue releases the pressure so the pain stops but infection still exists and it must be removed. Complete healing process should be quality and thoroughly done at both sides in conservatively and if needed surgically (Apicotomy).